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Intrinsic FTAs - Kinds of face threatened:
Those acts that threaten the positive-face want, by indicating (potentially) that the speaker does not care about the addressee's feelings, wants, etc. - that in some important respect he doesn't want H's wants - include:
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(i) | Those that show that S has a negative evaluation of some aspect of H's positive face:
- expressions of disapproval, criticism, contempt or ridicule, complaints and reprimands, accusations, insults (S indicates that he doesn't like/want one or more of H's wants, acts, personal characteristics, goods, beliefs or values)
- contradictions or disagreements, challenges (S indicates that he thinks H is wrong or misguided or unreasonable about some issue, such wrongness being associated with disapproval)
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(ii) | Those that show that S doesn't care about (or is indifferent to) H's positive face:
- expressions of violent (out-of-control) emotions (S gives H possible reason to fear him or be embarrassed by him)
- irreverence, mention of taboo topics, including those that are inappropriate in the context (S indicates that he doesn't vlaue H's values and doesn't fear H's fears)
- bringing of bad news about H, or good news (boasting) about S (S indicates that he is willing to cause distress to H, and/or doesn't care about H's feelings)
- raising of dangerously emotional or divisve topics, e.g. politics, race, religion, women's liberation (S raises the possibility or liklihood of face-threatening acts (such as the above) occurring; i.e., S creates an dangerous-to-face-atmosphere)
- blatant non-cooperation in an activty - e.g. disruptively interrupting H's talk, making non-sequiturs or showing non-attention (S indicates that he doesn't care about H's negative- or positive-face wants)
- use of address terms and other status-marked identifications in initial encounters (S may misidentify H in an offensive or embarrassing way, intentionally or accidentally).
Note that there is an overlap in this classification of FTAs, because some FTAs intrinsically threaten both negative and positive face (e.g. complaints, interruptions, threats, strong expressions of emotion, requests for personal information). (p. 65-67)
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(iii) | Those acts that predicate some desire of S toward H or H's goods, giving H reason to think that he may have to take action to protect the object of S's desire, or give it to S:
- compliments, expressions of envy or admiration (S indicates that he likes or would like something of H's)
- expressions of strong (negative) emotions toward H - e.g. hatred, anger, lust (S indicates possible motivation for harming H or H's goods)
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Brown & Levinson 1987: FTA → H's pos.-'face'